Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an acute form of leukemia or the white blood cell cancer, which is characterized by overproduction and accumulation of immature white cells cancerous blood, known as lymphoblasts. In people with ALL, lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and continually multiply, causing damage and death by inhibiting the production of normal cells (such as red and white cells and platelets) in the bone marrow and by spreading (infiltrating) to other organs. ALL is most common in childhood, with a peak incidence at 2-5 years of age, and another peak in old ageALL symptoms are indicative of a reduced production of functional blood cells as leukemia wastes resources marrow normally used to produce new, functioning of blood cells. [These symptoms may include fever, increased risk of infection (particularly bacterial infections such as pneumonia, due to neutropenia, symptoms of an infection of this type include shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, vomiting, changes in habits bowel or bladder), increased tendency to bleed (due to thrombocytopenia), and indicative signs of anemia, including pallor, tachycardia (elevated heart rate), fatigue and headache.
about 6,000 cases are reported in the United States each year.Internationally, everything is more common in Caucasians than in African; It is more common in Hispanic and Latin America.Cure is a realistic goal and is achieved in over 80% of children affected, although only 20 to 40% of adults are cured. "Acute" refers to the course relatively short time of disease, distinguishing chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which has a potential course of many years time.
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Everything was one of the first cancers for which it has developed an effective chemotherapeutic treatment. Antifolates such as aminopterin and methotrexate were developed in the late 1940s by Sidney Farber and Yellapragada Subbarow.At that time, a doctor does not need the consent of the patient's parents or to try an experimental treatment as the Nuremberg Code had not yet been signed. Desperate to save their patients, Farber initially tried folic acid supplements as a treatment for ALL. This had disastrous consequences and death of children probably accelerated
