localized disease

localized disease

localized (carcinoma-in-situ) and the precursor condition, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN or anal dysplasia) disease may be minimally invasive ablation methods such as infrared photocoagulation.

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Previously, anal cancer was treated with surgery, and early-stage disease (ie, localized cancer of the anus without metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes), surgery is often curative. The difficulty with surgery has been the need to eliminate internal and external anal sphincter, with concomitant fecal incontinence. For this reason, many patients with anal cancer have required permanent colostomy.

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The gold standard current therapy is chemotherapy and radiation treatment to reduce the need for debilitating surgery. This approach "combined modality" has led to increased preservation of an intact anal sphincter, and therefore a better quality of life after definitive treatment. The survival and cure rates are excellent, and many patients are left with a functional sphincter. Some patients have fecal incontinence after combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Biopsies to document regression after being advised chemotherapy and radiation sickness, but are not as frequent longer. Current chemotherapy is continuous infusion of 5-FU for four days with mitomycin bolus administered with radiation. 5-FU and cisplatin are recommended for metastatic anal cancer

Anal cancer is cancer (malignant tumor) that arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a separate entity from the more common colorectal cancer

Anal cancer is typically a squamous cell carcinoma arising annals near the squamocolumnar, often union related to infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). You can keratinizing (Basaloid) or nonkeratinizing (cloacogenic). Other types of anal cancer are adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoma or melanoma. From the data collected 2004-2010, the survival rate five years relative in the United States is 65.5%, although individual rates can vary depending on the stage of cancer at diagnosis and response to the tills