Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an acute form of leukemia or the white blood cell cancer, which is characterized by overproduction and accumulation of immature white cells cancerous blood, known as lymphoblasts. In people with ALL, lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and continually multiply, causing damage and death by inhibiting the production of normal cells (such as red and white cells and platelets) in the bone marrow and by spreading (infiltrating) to other organs. ALL is most common in childhood, with a peak incidence at 2-5 years of age, and another peak in old age

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ALL symptoms are indicative of a reduced production of functional blood cells as leukemia wastes resources marrow normally used to produce new, functioning of blood cells. [These symptoms may include fever, increased risk of infection (particularly bacterial infections such as pneumonia, due to neutropenia, symptoms of an infection of this type include shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, vomiting, changes in habits bowel or bladder), increased tendency to bleed (due to thrombocytopenia), and indicative signs of anemia, including pallor, tachycardia (elevated heart rate), fatigue and headache.

about 6,000 cases are reported in the United States each year.Internationally, everything is more common in Caucasians than in African; It is more common in Hispanic and Latin America.Cure is a realistic goal and is achieved in over 80% of children affected, although only 20 to 40% of adults are cured. "Acute" refers to the course relatively short time of disease, distinguishing chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which has a potential course of many years time.

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Everything was one of the first cancers for which it has developed an effective chemotherapeutic treatment. Antifolates such as aminopterin and methotrexate were developed in the late 1940s by Sidney Farber and Yellapragada Subbarow.At that time, a doctor does not need the consent of the patient's parents or to try an experimental treatment as the Nuremberg Code had not yet been signed. Desperate to save their patients, Farber initially tried folic acid supplements as a treatment for ALL. This had disastrous consequences and death of children probably accelerated

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Flatulence

Flatulence is gas passing from the digestive system return ticket. It is more commonly known as "pass wind" or "farting."

Farts often laughed about, but excessive flatulence can be embarrassing and uncomfortable with others. However, usually you can be controlled with changes in diet and lifestyle.

Flatulence is a normal biological process and is something that everyone experiences regularly. Wind Some people spend only a few times a day, others more, but the average is said to be about 5 to 15 times a day.

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Why is

Swallowing food, water or saliva, ingested also small amounts of air that accumulates in the digestive system. Gases can also accumulate when digest food. The body needs to get rid of the accumulation of farts (flatulence) or burping (belching).

Sometimes you may not notice that the wind has passed, because most of the gases are odorless and often released in small amounts. Flatulence usually only has a bad smell if it contains gases that smell like sulfur. However, it is important to remember that it is normal that the gas is passed sometimes smells a bit.

excessive flatulence can be caused by swallowing more air than normal or eating food that is difficult to digest. It can also be related to an underlying health problem that affects the digestive, such as recurring indigestion or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) system.

Read more about the causes of flatulence.

When to see your GP

No medical guidelines that define the frequency or volume of normal flatulence. You're probably the best person to assess their own symptoms.

Consult your doctor if your flatulence is particularly problematic - for example, if you frequently spend smelly gas.

You should also visit your doctor if you experience additional symptoms, such as:

persistent abdominal pain and bloating

recurrent episodes of diarrhea or constipation

unexplained weight loss

bowel incontinence

blood in the stool (feces)

Symptoms of infection such as fever, vomiting, chills, joint pain and muscle pain

These symptoms may be an indicator of a more serious health problem and may require an investigation, such as blood or fecal material to detect an infection.

Control the problem

excessive flatulence can be controlled by changes in diet and lifestyle, such as:

avoiding foods that cause flatulence

eating smaller, more frequent meals

eat and drink slowly

exercise regularly

Why Are You Farting?

There are also some counter medications that can help if your flatulence is problematic, such as coal or simethicone tablets.

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If your flatulence is related to an underlying health problem, treating the condition may help resolve it.

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gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis is a very common disease that causes diarrhea and vomiting. Usually it is due to an error of bacterial or viral stomach.

It affects people of all ages, but is particularly common in young children.

Most cases in children are caused by a virus called rotavirus. Where adults are often caused by norovirus (the "winter vomiting bug") or bacterial food poisoning.

Gastroenteritis can be very unpleasant, but usually goes away by itself within a week. You can usually take care of yourself or your child at home until you feel better.

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Gastroenteritis treatment 

Symptoms of gastroenteritis

The main symptoms of gastroenteritis are:

• sudden, watery diarrhea

• lightheadedness

• vomiting, which can be projectile

• slight fever

Some people also have other symptoms such as loss of appetite and stomach upset, pain in the limbs and headaches.

Symptoms usually appear until a day after being infected. They usually last less than a week, but sometimes can last longer.

What to do if you have gastroenteritis

If you have diarrhea and vomiting sudden, the best thing to do is stay home until you feel better. There is not always a specific treatment, so you have to let the disease run its course.

Normally, it is not necessary to obtain medical advice, unless your symptoms do not improve or there is a risk of a more serious problem (see when to get medical advice).

To help ease your symptoms:

• Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration-You need to drink more than usual to replace the fluids lost from vomiting and diarrhea. Water is best, but you could also try fruit juice and soup.

• Take paracetamol for fever or aches and pains.

• Get enough rest.

• If you feel like eating, try small amounts of simple, such as soup, rice, pasta and bread foods.

• Use special rehydration drinks made of bags purchased at pharmacies if you have signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth or dark urine - read about the treatment of dehydration.

• Take medicines against vomiting (such as metoclopramide) and / or antidiarrheal medication (eg, loperamide) if necessary - some types are available in pharmacies, but check the booklet that comes with the medicine. You can also ask your pharmacist or doctor about whether they are appropriate.

Gastroenteritis can spread very easily, so you should wash your hands regularly while you are sick and stay away from work or school until at least 48 hours after their symptoms have disappeared, to reduce the risk of transmitting (see Prevention of gastroenteritis).

When to get medical advice

Usually you do not need to see your doctor if you think you have gastroenteritis, as it should improve by itself.

Consult a doctor if:

• have symptoms of severe dehydration, as persistentdizziness only pass small amounts of urine or no urine at all, or is losing consciousness

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• have bloody diarrhea

• you are constantly vomiting and can not keep liquids

• Have a fever over 38 ° C (100.4 ° F)

• no symptoms have begun to improve after a few days

• in recent weeks after returning from a part of the world with poor sanitation

• If you have a serious underlying condition, such as kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease or a weakened immune system, and have diarrhea and vomiting

Your doctor may suggest sending a sample of their poop to a laboratory to check what the cause of your symptoms. Antibiotics may be prescribed if it shows that you have a bacterial infection.

Caring for a child with gastroenteritis

You can care for your child at home if they have diarrhea and vomiting. There usually is no specific treatment and your child should start feeling better in a few days.

Normally you do not need to get medical advice unless your symptoms do not improve or there is a risk of a more serious problem (see Getting medical help for your child).

To help relieve your child's symptoms:

• Encourage them to drink plenty of fluids. They need to replace fluids lost from vomiting and diarrhea. Water is generally better. Avoid giving fizzy drinks or fruit juices, as they may make your diarrhea worse. Babies should continue feeding as usual, either breast milk or other dairy foods.

• Make sure they get plenty of rest.

• Let your child eat if they are eating solids and feel hungry. Try small amounts of simple, such as soup, rice, pasta and bread foods.

• Give them paracetamol uncomfortable if they have a fever or aches and pains. Young children may find easier to swallow than liquid paracetamol tablets

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Abdominal Pain

What are the most common causes of abdominal pain?

Whether a mild stomach pain, acute pain, or stomach cramps, abdominal pain can have many causes. Some of the most common causes include:

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Indigestion

Constipation

Stomach virus

menstrual cramps

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Poisoned food

Food Allergies

Gas

Lactose intolerance

Ulcers

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Hernia

Gallstones

Kidney stones

endometriosis

Crohn's disease

Urinary tract infection

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Appendicitis

Fever

Inability to keep food down for more than 2 days

Any signs of dehydration

Inability to pass stool, especially if you are also vomiting

painful urination or unusually frequent

The abdomen is tender to the touch

Pain is the result of an injury in the abdomen

The pain lasts longer than a few hours

These symptoms can be a sign of an internal problem that requires treatment as soon as possible.

Seek immediate medical attention for abdominal pain if:


vomiting blood

The bloody or black tarry stools

Having trouble breathing

You have pain that occurs during pregnancy

How is the cause of abdominal pain determined?

Because there are many possible causes of abdominal pain, the doctor will perform a complete physical exam, discuss with you the type of symptoms you are experiencing and ask you several questions about the pain you are feeling. These questions may include:

What kind of pain are you experiencing? Is the pain over his abdomen or are confined to a particular area?

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Where in the abdomen it appears to be localized pain?
What kind of pain are you experiencing? You are stabbing and severe? Is it a dull pain?

When pain occurs? Always? More often in the morning or at night? If the pain comes and goes, about how long it takes each time? Does it occur after eating certain types of foods or after drinking alcohol? During menstruation?

How long have you had this pain?

Does the pain radiates in the lower back, shoulder, groin or buttocks?

Are you taking any medications or herbal supplement?

You are pregnant?

does any activity, such as eating or lying back and relieve the pain?

Have you recently injured?

Once the initial assessment is complete, the doctor may have to undergo some tests to help determine the cause of your pain. These may include stool or urine, blood, swallow or barium enemas, an endoscopy, X-ray, ultrasound or CT scan.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an inflammation (aneurysm) of the aorta - the main blood vessel leading from the heart, down through the abdomen to the rest of the body.

The abdominal aorta is the body's largest blood vessel and is usually about 2 cm wide - about the width of a garden hose. However, you can increase to more than 5.5 cm - what doctors class as a great AAA.





Large aneurysms are rare but can be very serious. If a large aneurysm ruptures a massive internal bleeding occurs and is usually fatal.

The swelling occurs when the aortic wall weakens. Although the causes of this weakness is clear, it is believed that smoking and high blood pressure which increases the risk of an aneurysm.

AAA is more common in men over 65 years accounts rupture of more than 1 in 50 of all deaths in this group and a total of 6,000 deaths in England and Wales each year.

That is why all men are invited to a screening test when they turn 65. The test consists of a simple ultrasound, which takes about 10-15 minutes.

Symptoms of an AAA
In most cases, a AAA not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, if it becomes large, some people may develop a pain or throbbing in the abdomen (belly) or persistent back pain.

AAA usually not a serious health threat, but there is a risk that a large aneurysm could burst (rupture).

A ruptured aneurysm can cause massive internal bleeding, which is usually fatal. About 8 out of 10 people with a rupture die before reaching the hospital or do not survive the surgery.

The most common symptom of a ruptured aortic aneurysm is a sudden, sharp pain in the abdomen.






Read more about the symptoms of a AAA.

The causes of AAA
It is not known exactly what causes the wall of the aorta weaken, although the increasing age and male sex are known to be the major risk factors.

There are other risk factors you can do something about it, including smoking and high blood pressure and cholesterol.

Having a family history of aortic aneurysms also means that you have a higher risk of developing oneself.

Read more about the causes of AAA.

The diagnosis of AAA

Because AAA usually cause no symptoms, they tend to be diagnosed either as a result of screening or during a routine examination - for example, if a doctor realizes throbbing in the abdomen.

The screening test is an ultrasound, which allows the size of the abdominal aorta to measure on a monitor. This is also how an aneurysm is diagnosed if your doctor suspects you have one.

More information about the diagnosis of AAA.

Treating an AAA
If a large AAA before break is detected, it will advise most people to receive treatment to prevent breakage.

This is usually done with surgery to replace the weakened section of blood vessel with a piece of plastic pipe.

If surgery is not recommended - or choose not to have it - there are a number of non-surgical treatments that can reduce the risk of a ruptured aneurysm.

These include drugs to lower cholesterol and blood pressure, and smoking cessation.

You will also have the size of your aneurysm checked regularly with ultrasound.

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Breastfeeding, vaccines can cut ear infections in infants

Breastfeeding, vaccines can cut ear infections in infants

Breastfeeding vaccines can cut ear infections in infants higher rates of breastfeeding,

 the use of vaccines and lower rates of smoking mothers have reduced rates of ear infections during the first year of a baby, study finds recent. "Prolonged breastfeeding was associated with significant reductions in both colds and ear infections, a common complication of the cold," said lead researcher Tasnee Chonmaitree,

professor at the University of Texas in the United States. "It is likely that medical interventions in recent decades, as the use of vaccines against pneumonia and flu decreased smoking and helped reduce the incidence of ear infections, "he said.Ear infections in babies who are under six months of age have a increased risk of recurrent infection later in life.The findings, published in the journal Pediatrics, revealed that ear infection rates fell from 18 to 6 percent in three months age from 39 to 23 percent six months old and from 62 to 46 percent in a year olds.For the study, 367 infants under one month old were investigated from October 2008 to March 2014, to its first birthday.

The team collected samples of mucus from the nose and throat throughout the study to search for and identify infections and collected information on family history of ear infections, 

exposure to cigarette smoke and breast versus formula feeding .Parents notified whenever your baby showed no sign of an ear infection or upper respiratory tract infection, which is the common cold. "We have clearly shown that frequent infections of the upper respiratory tract, transportation of bacteria in the nose, and lack of breastfeeding are important risk factors for ear infections," he said Chonmaitree.Acute otitis media, or ear infection, is one of the most common childhood infections, the leading cause of visits to physicians for children and the most common reason children take antibiotics or undergo surgery

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5 A DAY is easy Dite

Getting your 5 A DAY is easy.

There are many ways to add more fruits and vegetables in your daily meals.

Here are some ideas to get you started.

5 A DAY breakfast

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Add fruit to cereal, oatmeal or low-fat yogurt. Try a handful of berries or a chopped banana.

Add mushrooms or tomatoes to scrambled eggs.

A glass (150ml) of unsweetened 100% fruit juices count towards your 5 A DAY. Juice of fruit or vegetables counts as a maximum of one portion a day.

Make a quick smoothie in a blender using your favorite fresh or frozen fruit. A smoothie containing all the fruit or edible vegetable pulp may count as more than one serving per day, depending on how it is made.

Take the advice healthier breakfast.
5 A DAY lunch

Add some crunch to your sandwiches with lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber or grated carrots.

cucumber sticks, peppers and carrots and cauliflower or broccoli are delicious with dips such as salsa or low-fat cream cheese.

Add fruits and vegetables to your favorite dishes. Try adding chopped carrots with Bolognese sauce, sprinkle with chopped red pepper on your pasta or vegetables such as peas mix in the mashed potatoes to make it even tastier. Add tomatoes to your omelet or mushrooms to your next stir-fry.

Add beans, lentils and pulses to stews, soups, casseroles and salads. However you eat, beans and pulses count as a maximum of one portion a day.
5 A day at dinner

Having a salad or vegetable side dish with your main meal. If you have shepherd's pie, peas have, too. If you have a roast dinner, add some carrots or broccoli on your plate.

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frozen fruit and vegetables count towards your 5 A DAY. It only takes a few minutes to microwave frozen peas, vegetables or mini corn cobs.

Canned fruits and vegetables count too. It is healthy to choose fruit canned in juice instead of sugary syrup and canned vegetables in water without salt or sugar.

It's easy to add fresh fruit and vegetables, frozen or canned meals. Sprinkle sweetcorn or pineapple chunks on top of a thin pizza base or enliven soups and sauces with a handful of beans, peas or sweet corn

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